Voortrekker Monument

memorial
mba/obodo	South Africa
dị na ngalaba nhazi mpaghara	Pretoria
nhazi ọnọdụ	25°46′35″S 28°10′33″E
ihe omume dị ịrịba ama	inauguration
dedicated to	Voortrekkers
Ihe ejị mee ya	granite
akitekiti	Gerard Moerdijk
date of official opening	16 Disemba 1949
heritage designation	National heritage site of South Africa
webụsaịtị	https://www.vtm.org.za/
directions	On Proclamation Hill, big cubic building, to the south west of the city, you can't miss it
category for the view from the item	Category:Views from Voortrekker Monument

Ihe ncheta Voortrekker dị na ndịda Pretoria na South Africa . Ihe owuwu granite ahụ dị n'elu ugwu, ewelitere ya iji cheta ndị Voortrekkers ndị hapụrụ Cape Colony n'etiti 1835 na 1854. Ọ bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ bụ Gerard Moerdijk mere ya.

Na 8 Julaị 2011, ụlọ ọrụ South Africa Heritage Resource Agency kpọpụtara ihe ncheta Voortrekker dị ka saịtị nketa mba .

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

A tụlere echiche iji wuo ihe ncheta maka nsọpụrụ nke Voortrekkers na 16 Disemba 1888, mgbe Onye isi ala Paul Kruger nke South Africa Republic gara ụbọchị ememme ọgbụgba ndụ na Danskraal na Natal . Agbanyeghị, ngagharị iji wuo ihe ncheta dị otú ahụ malitere naanị na 4 Eprel 1931 mgbe e hiwere Sentrale Volksmonumentekomitee (SVK; Central People's Monument Committee) iji weta echiche a. : 13

Owuwu malitere na 13 Julaị 1937 site n'ememe ntụgharị sod nke onye isi oche nke SVK, Advocate Ernest George Jansen mere, na nke mechara bụrụ nke a maara dị ka Monument Hill. Na 16 Disemba 1938 ka edoro nkume nkuku : 13 site na ụmụ atọ nke ụfọdụ ndị isi Voortrekker: Oriakụ JC Muller (nwa nwa Andries Pretorius ), Oriakụ KF Ackerman (nnukwu nwa nwa Hendrik Potgieter ) na Oriakụ JC Preller (nnukwu nwa nwa Piet Retief ).

Onye isi ala DF Malan mepere ihe ncheta a na 16 Disemba 1949. Ọnụ ego ^{e [ ]} ihe ncheta a bụ ihe dị ka £ 360,000, ọtụtụ n'ime ya bụ ndị gọọmentị South Africa nyere aka.

Ewubere nnukwu ihe nkiri amphitheater, nke nwere ike ịnọdụ ihe dị ka mmadụ 20,000 n'ebe ugwu-ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ihe ncheta ahụ na 1949.

Isi atụmatụ

Ihe ncheta Voortrekker dị mita 40 n'ịdị elu, yana ntọala 40 mita site na 40 mita. Ụlọ ahụ na-ekerịta ihe ^{[ ] na} ihe ncheta ndị Europe dị ka Dôme des Invalides na France na Völkerschlachtdenkmal na Germany ma nwekwara mmetụta ndị Africa. ^[1] Isi ihe abụọ nwere mmasị n'ime ụlọ ahụ bụ Frieze Historical na Cenotaph.

Frieze mere eme

Ọnụ ụzọ nke ụlọ ahụ na-eduga n'ime Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị dike domed. Oghere a buru ibu, nke nnukwu windo anọ nwere mgbagha nke sitere na iko Belgian na-acha odo odo gbara ya gburugburu, nwere ọmarịcha mabul Historical Frieze nke bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke imepụta ihe ncheta ahụ. Ọ bụ frieze marble kasị ukwuu n'ụwa. The frieze mejupụtara 27 bas-relief panels na-egosi akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Great Trek, ma na-etinye aka na ndụ kwa ụbọchị, ụzọ ọrụ na nkwenkwe okpukpe nke Voortrekkers. Oghere ahụ na-egosi isi ihe nkiri akụkọ ihe mere eme malitere site na voortrekkers mbụ nke 1835, ruo na mbinye aka nke Mgbakọ Osimiri Sand na 1852. N'etiti ala nke Ụlọ Nzukọ Heroes bụ nnukwu oghere okirikiri nke enwere ike ịhụ Cenotaph dị na Ụlọ Nzukọ Cenotaph.

Cenotaph

Cenotaph, nke dị n'etiti etiti Ụlọ Nzukọ Cenotaph, bụ isi ihe ncheta nke ihe ncheta ahụ. Na mgbakwunye na nke a na-ahụ anya site na Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị dike, a pụkwara ịhụ ya site na dome dị n'elu ụlọ ahụ, site na ebe enwere ike ịhụ ọtụtụ n'ime ime ihe ncheta ahụ. Site na oghere dị na dome a, ụzarị anyanwụ na-enwu n'elekere iri na abụọ na Disemba 16 kwa afọ, na-adaba na etiti Cenotaph, na-akụ mkpụrụ okwu 'Ons vir Jou, Suid-Afrika' ( Afrikaans maka 'Anyị bụ maka gị., South Africa'), ahịrị sitere na ' Die Stem van Suid-Afrika '. Ụzarị ọkụ na-anọchi anya ngozi Chineke na ndụ na mbọ niile nke Voortrekkers. 16 Disemba 1838 bụ ụbọchị Agha nke Osimiri Ọbara, nke e mere na South Africa tupu 1994 dịka ụbọchị nke nkwa .

Ihe ncheta ihe mgbagwoju anya

N'ime afọ ndị na-esochi owuwu ya, a gbasaa ụlọ ihe ncheta ahụ ọtụtụ ugboro ma ugbu a gụnyere:

Ogige ụmụ amaala nke gbara ihe ncheta ahụ gburugburu.
Mgbidi ncheta raara nye ndị nwụrụ mgbe ha na-eje ozi na South African Defence Force (SADF).
Fort Schanskop, ụlọ dị nso nke gọọmentị South African Republic wuru na 1897 ka Jameson Raid gasịrị. Ugbu a ọ bụ ụlọ ihe ngosi nka ma tinye ya na ogige ncheta na June 2000.
Amphitheater mepere emepe nke Schanskop nwere oche maka mmadụ 357 nke emepere na 30 Jenụwarị 2001.
Ogige ncheta.
Ekwuputara ihe nchekwa okike na 3.41 ^km2 gburugburu ihe ncheta na 1992. Egwuregwu achọtara na ebe nchekwa ahụ gụnyere Zebras, Blesbok, Mountain Reedbuck, Springbok, Black Wildebeest na Impala .
Mgbidi ncheta nke e wuru n'akụkụ ihe ncheta ahụ na 2009. Ewubere ya iji cheta ndị otu South Africa Defence Force (SADF) bụ ndị nwụrụ na-ejere obodo ha ozi n’etiti 1961 na 1994.
Ụlọ ihe nketa nke Afrikaner, nke e wuru iji chekwaa ihe nketa nke ndị bi na South Africa na-asụ Afrịka na ntinye aka ha na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obodo.

Hụkwa

Nnukwu njem
Völkerschlachtdenkmal

Ntụaka

↑ Grundlingh (2009). "A Cultural Conundrum? Old Monuments and New Regimes: The Voortrekker Monument as Symbol of Afrikaner Power in a Postapartheid South Africa", in Walkowitz: Contested Histories in Public Space: Memory, Race, and Nation. New York: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-4217-5.

Njikọ mpụga

Saịtị gọọmentị nke ncheta Voortrekker
Kọmitii nkwa iyi nke osimiri ọbara (na Afrikaans) - saịtị gọọmentị
Nlegharị anya nke ogo 360 nke ihe ncheta Voortrekker na nleta Pretoria
Site by The Voortrekker Monument

[Grundlingh_2009-1] Grundlingh (2009). "A Cultural Conundrum? Old Monuments and New Regimes: The Voortrekker Monument as Symbol of Afrikaner Power in a Postapartheid South Africa", in Walkowitz: Contested Histories in Public Space: Memory, Race, and Nation. New York: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-4217-5.

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